{"id":1005,"date":"2019-03-29T00:14:13","date_gmt":"2019-03-29T00:14:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/?page_id=1005"},"modified":"2025-05-02T10:29:14","modified_gmt":"2025-05-02T15:29:14","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/?page_id=1005","title":{"rendered":"Research"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1005\" class=\"elementor elementor-1005\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a24cfd2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a24cfd2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc0daf4\" data-id=\"dc0daf4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b23238 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9b23238\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c5be360 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c5be360\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-771ceee\" data-id=\"771ceee\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb2aa3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1fb2aa3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Single Cell Dielectric Detection<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-eaff5fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eaff5fe\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f11cee0\" data-id=\"f11cee0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96cbf45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"96cbf45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Interferometer-e1559156644545-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Interferometer-e1559156644545-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Interferometer-e1559156644545-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Interferometer-e1559156644545.jpg 781w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3effa0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a3effa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Fluidic-System-e1559156524347-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Fluidic-System-e1559156524347-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Fluidic-System-e1559156524347.jpg 598w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76e1d88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"76e1d88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Image1-e1559156692198-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Image1-e1559156692198-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Image1-e1559156692198-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Image1-e1559156692198-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Image1-e1559156692198.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0b4d1c2\" data-id=\"0b4d1c2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66cdc61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66cdc61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>The analysis of single cells is fundamental to understanding the important processes that underlie the workings of healthy cells and their normal growth and development, as well as in recognizing and tracking down how these processes become disrupted, potentially leading to adverse conditions and disease. Unfortunately, due to heterogeneity of biological cells present even in genetically identical populations, pinpointing these processes is not easy. To quantify the extent of variation between individual cells in a given population, it is necessary to analyse thousands or even tens of thousands of single cells. This daunting task has been made easier with the advance of novel techniques involving microfluidics which allows high throughput delivery of individual cells.<\/p><p>Changes in cells physiology are known to result in changes in their dielectric properties. Dielectric-based methods have emerged as a label-free, non-invasive, and integratable with microfluidic modality to study single cells. We integrate microfluidic platforms with sensitive electrical measurement systems and exploit their ability to characterize various biological phenomena at a cellular level. AC electrokinetics and impedance spectroscopy are the two primary dielectric methods we employ.<\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Related publications:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/24\/8071\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">E. Kovacs et al., Sensors, 24, 24, 8071 (2024).<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/14\/12\/577\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A. Arzhang et al., Biosensors,\u00a0 14, 12, 577 (2024)<\/a>.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/9157918\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">S. Afshar et al., IEEE\u00a0<em>J<\/em>. Electromagn.,\u00a0<em>RF<\/em>, Microw. Med. 5, 70 (2020)<\/a>.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/elps.201900393\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A. Fazelkhah et al., Electrophoresis 41, 720 (2020).<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-36127-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A. Fazelkhah et al., Sci. Rep. 8, 17818 (2018)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/8537909\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">S. Afshar et al.,<em>\u00a0IEEE <\/em>Trans. Microw.Theory. Techn\u00a066, 5933 (2018).<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/aip.scitation.org\/doi\/10.1063\/1.4975978\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">E. Salimi et al., Biomicrofluidics 11, 014111 (2017).<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0925400517306457\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">K. Mohammad et al., Sens. Actuators B 249, 246 (2017).<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7390326\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">S. Afshar et al.,<em>\u00a0IEEE <\/em>Trans. Microw.Theory. Techn\u00a064, 991 (2016).<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/aip.scitation.org\/doi\/10.1063\/1.4940432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">E. Salimi et al., Biomicrofluidics 10, 14111 (2016).<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0924424715002149?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">K. Mohammad et al., Sens. Actuators A 232, 132 (2015).<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/aip.scitation.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1063\/1.4903221\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">B. Saboktakin Rizi et al., Biomicrofluidics 8, 064114 (2014).<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/6571442\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">E. Salimi et al., IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 20, 1256 (2013).<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/aip.scitation.org\/doi\/10.1063\/1.4709387\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">M. Nikolic-Jaric et al., Biomicrofluidics 6, 024117 (2012).<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pre\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.84.011922\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">M. Nikolic-Jaric et al., Phys. Rev. E 84, 011922 (2011).<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/aip.scitation.org\/doi\/10.1063\/1.3187149\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">M. Nikolic-Jaric et al., Biomicrofluidics 3, 034103 (2009).<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2009\/LC\/b908974h#!divAbstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">G. A. Ferrier et al., Lab Chip 9, 3406 (2009).<\/a>Bs<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-44dd06a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"44dd06a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-668b0b6\" data-id=\"668b0b6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6fe9f2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b6fe9f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b8ed850 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b8ed850\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f4ce0c0\" data-id=\"f4ce0c0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f60b389 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f60b389\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dielectric Cell Culture Monitoring<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e78c79c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e78c79c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-efe4bdf\" data-id=\"efe4bdf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dae9a1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dae9a1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"187\" height=\"290\" src=\"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Bioreactor.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86421d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"86421d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"300\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/scatter-Viable-nonViable-300x295.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/scatter-Viable-nonViable-300x295.jpg 300w, https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/scatter-Viable-nonViable.jpg 372w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-953c106\" data-id=\"953c106\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e2041f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e2041f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Mammalian cell cultures are used extensively in the industrial bioprocesses for production of therapeutic proteins.\u00a0To ensure maximum productivity of recombinant proteins it is desirable to prolong cell viability during a mammalian cell bioprocess, and therefore important to carefully monitor cell density and viability.\u00a0Fed-batch culture, an approach in which nutrients required for cell growth and product formation are fed to the bioreactor during cultivation, is pre-dominantly employed to extend the viable and productive phase of a culture. The yield and quality of products is affected substantially by the feeding strategy (time of feeding, concentration of nutrients, and type of nutrient). High concentration of nutrients increases the cellular production of metabolic byproducts notably lactate and ammonia, which are detrimental to protein productivity. Depletion of nutrients leads to starvation-induced apoptosis. An optimal feeding regime can be developed from simple assessment of the metabolic state of the cells during the course of culture in a bioreactor. We work on developing label-free on-line single-cell assessment technologies to continuously monitor the status of cells in pharmaceutical bioreactors. We have found that a noticeable change in cytoplasm conductivity of cells occurs at an early stage of apoptosis which can be employed as a label-free indicator of the event. By interrogating single cells based on their cytoplasm conductivity, we have been able to detect small population of apoptotic cells in a batch culture at an early stage.\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Related publications:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/btpr.3519\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">E. Salimi et al., Biotechnology Progress, 41, 2, e3519 (2024).<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/bit.27115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A. Fazelkhah et al.,\u00a0 Biotechnol. Bioeng. 116, 2896 (2019).<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S000326701930131X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">S. Afshar et al.,Anal. Chim. Acta 1059, 59 (2019).<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1567539417306400\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">E. Salimi et al., Bioelectrochemistry 124, 73 (2018).<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/bit.24976\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">K. Braasch et al.,\u00a0 Biotechnol. Bioeng. 110, 2902 (2013).<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/aip.scitation.org\/doi\/10.1063\/1.4793223\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">M. Nikolic-Jaric et al., Biomicrofluidics 7, 024101 (2013).<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f656d1a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f656d1a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-696f177\" data-id=\"696f177\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d885bc8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d885bc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-85cd6a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"85cd6a1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9adf6f8\" data-id=\"9adf6f8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-267cea7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"267cea7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-size: 25px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 600;\">3D Printing Microfluidic Devices <\/span><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0e43c76 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0e43c76\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ffb23fa\" data-id=\"ffb23fa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b81b64a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b81b64a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2025_MicroMixer-Chip-1024x576.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2025_MicroMixer-Chip-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2025_MicroMixer-Chip-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2025_MicroMixer-Chip-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2025_MicroMixer-Chip-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2025_MicroMixer-Chip.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2a8ac4a\" data-id=\"2a8ac4a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9111f67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9111f67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">In this research project we focus on the fabrication of microfluidic devices using digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology. This approach enables rapid prototyping of complex microchannel networks with feature sizes suitable for fluid manipulation at the microscale. Using DLP printers, we can produce transparent microfluidic devices directly from CAD designs, significantly accelerating the design-build-test cycle in microfluidics research and applications.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e2d4a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e2d4a0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-48711fd\" data-id=\"48711fd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a8bfe7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1a8bfe7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7974590 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7974590\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d9cb668\" data-id=\"d9cb668\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45f791c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"45f791c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-size: 25px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 600;\">FET-based Biosensors<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600;\"><\/span><br><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8a42162 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8a42162\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c7db341\" data-id=\"c7db341\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f715a97\" data-id=\"f715a97\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d10067 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d10067\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 17.12px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Semiconductor-based sensors are a class of extremely sensitive sensing devices capable of detecting low abundance ions and chemicals in a fluid sample<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 17.12px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">. Field-effect transistors (FET) are commonly used in such\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 17.12px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">sensors where the base of the transistor in contact with a sample-under-test acts as the sensing surface<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 17.12px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">. The interaction of ions and charged molecules at the sample-gate interface impacts the gate electric potential and subsequently the drain current of the transistor. In\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">this research we design and fabricate an extended-gate FET sensor integrated with a microfluidic device for detection of small molecules in biosamples.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-aeadfb9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"aeadfb9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cec340c\" data-id=\"cec340c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b563dda elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b563dda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-503c2b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"503c2b9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6cc8c98\" data-id=\"6cc8c98\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be1064 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1be1064\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bioelectromagnetics - Brain Stimulation<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-03e0a0e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"03e0a0e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f52279d\" data-id=\"f52279d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4108316\" data-id=\"4108316\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d76038c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d76038c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Information will be coming &#8230;<\/span><\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Single Cell Dielectric Detection The analysis of single cells is fundamental to understanding the important processes that underlie the workings of healthy cells and their normal growth and development, as well as in recognizing and tracking down how these processes become disrupted, potentially leading to adverse conditions and disease. Unfortunately, due to heterogeneity of biological &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/?page_id=1005\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Research<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":""},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1005"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1005"}],"version-history":[{"count":46,"href":"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1005\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1565,"href":"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1005\/revisions\/1565"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/biosensorslab.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1005"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}